Researchers at Waseda University found that three in four users turn to AI for emotional advice, reflecting growing psychological attachment to chatbot companions. Their new tool, the Experiences in Human-AI Relationships Scale, reveals that many users see AI as a steady presence in their lives.

Two patterns of attachment emerged: anxiety, where users fear being emotionally let down by AI, and avoidance, marked by discomfort with emotional closeness. These patterns closely resemble human relationship styles, despite AI's inability to reciprocate or abandon its users.

Lead researcher Fan Yang warned that emotionally vulnerable individuals could be exploited by platforms encouraging overuse or financial spending. Sudden disruptions in service, he noted, might even trigger feelings akin to grief or separation anxiety.

The study, based on Chinese participants, suggests AI systems might shape user behaviour depending on design and cultural context. Further research is planned to explore links between AI use and long-term well-being, social function, and emotional regulation.