Christine Lagarde, President of the European Central Bank (ECB), has confirmed the bank's target to finalise preparations for the digital euro by October 2025. However, the project's actual launch remains uncertain, as it hinges on legislative approvals and cooperation from various stakeholders. Despite the urgency, the ECB is facing delays due to the complexity of the legislative process.

The digital euro will consist of two components: a retail version for public use and a wholesale version for financial institutions. The retail version promises privacy protections, free transactions, and offline functionality, while the wholesale arm aims to streamline interbank settlements and cross-border payments. Although preparations are underway, experts predict that a full launch may not occur until 2028.

Privacy concerns and potential impacts on commercial banks are among the challenges the ECB is addressing. To reassure the public, the ECB has committed to strong privacy standards and is exploring blockchain technologies like Ethereum to underpin the digital euro. The project comes as global competitors, such as China's digital yuan and the rise of US stablecoins, intensify the pressure on Europe to maintain its monetary sovereignty.

While the ECB is making significant strides, the final approval and launch of the digital euro will depend on future legislative decisions and overcoming technical hurdles. The timeline remains uncertain, but the ECB's preparations signal that the eurozone is keen to remain competitive in the digital currency space.

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