Over 913,000 ETH, worth around$3.43 billion, has been lost permanently due to user errors and contract flaws, according to Coinbase director Conor Grogan. The losses represent over 0.76% of Ethereum's circulating supply and show the risks of human error in decentralised systems.

Among the largest losses cited are 306,000 ETH lost by the Web3 Foundation through a Parity multisig wallet vulnerability and 60,000 ETH locked in a smart contract by the now-defunct QuadrigaCX exchange.

An additional 11,500 ETH was destroyed by NFT project Akutars during a failed minting process.

Grogan also noted that more than 25,000 ETH has been sent to burn addresses directly by users.

He stressed that the$3.4 billion figure is a conservative estimate, excluding ETH lost due to forgotten private keys or dormant wallets. He noted Ethereum's EIP-1559 burn has destroyed 5.3 million ETH, worth over$23 billion, removing more than 5% of all ETH from circulation.

These figures reveal a growing issue within the Ethereum ecosystem, where both technical flaws and irreversible design features have led to a significant amount of permanently inaccessible capital.